Both Madagascar and Niger have formally returned to semi-presidentialism.

In Madagascar, the official ceremony marking the start of the Fourth Republic was held on 11 December.

The final results of the recent constitutional referendum have now been published. They are:

Registered voters : 7,151,223
Voting : 3,761,977
Turnout: 52.61 %
Spoiled and blank : 179,423
Valid votes cast : 3,582,554
Yes : 2 657,9625 (74.19 %)
No : 924,592 (25.81%)

In Niger the new constitution was officially promulgated on 25 November.

The final result of the recent referendum has also been announced:

Registered voters : 6,720,335
Voting : 3,496,352
Turnout: 52.02 %
Spoiled and blank : 74,202
Valid votes cast : 3,442,150
Yes : 3,086,473 (90.19 %)
No : 335,677 (9.81%)

The following electoral timetable has also been announced:

8 January – municipal and regional
31 January – presidential (1st round), legislative
12 March 2011 – presidential (2nd round)