Category Archives: List of cohabitations

List of cohabitations

Cohabitation – Bulgaria

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This is a series of posts that records the cases of cohabitation in countries with semi-presidential constitutions. Cohabitation is defined as the situation where the president and prime minister are from different parties and where the president’s party is not represented in the cabinet. Presidents classed as non-party cannot generate any periods of cohabitation.

There have been four periods of cohabitation in Bulgaria:

Jan 1995 – Feb 1997:
President – Zhelyu Zhelev (SDS); PM – Zhan Vasilev Videnov (BSP); government – BSP, BZnS(AS), DE

July 2001 – Jan 2002
President – Petur Stoyanov (SDS); PM – Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski (NDSV); government – NDSV, DPS

Jan 2002 – Aug 2005:
President – Georgi Sedefchov Purvanov (BSP); PM – Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski (NDSV); government – NDSV, DPS

July 2009 – Jan 2012
President – Georgi Sedefchov Purvanov (BSP); PM – Boyko Borisov (GERB); government – GERB (minority)

Sources:

List of coalitions – http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/00europa.htm#bul
List of presidents – http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bulgaria.html

As ever, any clarifications are welcome.

Cohabitation – Austria

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This is a series of posts that records the cases of cohabitation in countries with semi-presidential constitutions. Cohabitation is defined as the situation where the president and prime minister are from different parties and where the president’s party is not represented in the cabinet. Presidents classed as non-party cannot generate any periods of cohabitation.

There have been three periods of cohabitation in Austria:

April 1966-April 1970:
President – Franz Jonas (SPÖ); PM – Josef Klaus (ÖVP); government – ÖVP

Jul 1986-Jan 1987:
President – Kurt Waldheim (ÖVP); PM – Franz Vranitzky (SPÖ); government – SPÖ, FPÖ

July 2004-Jan 2007
President – Heinz Fischer (SPÖ); PM – Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP); government – ÖVP, FPÖ/BZÖ

Sources:

List of coalitions – http://www.bka.gv.at/site/5957/default.aspx
List of presidents – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Austria

Cohabitation – Ireland

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This is a series of posts that records the cases of cohabitation in countries with semi-presidential constitutions. Cohabitation is defined as the situation where the president and prime minister are from different parties and where the president’s party is not represented in the cabinet. Presidents classed as non-party cannot generate any periods of cohabitation.

Here is my list of cohabitations in Ireland:

Feb 1948 – Jun 1951
President – Sean T. O’Kelly (FF); PM – John A. Costello (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour, National Labour, Clann na Poblachta, Clann na Talmhan

Jun 1954 – Mar 1957
President – Sean T. O’Kelly (FF); PM – John A. Costello (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour, Clann na Talmhan

Mar 1973 – Jul 1977
Presidents – Erskine Childers (June 1973-Nov 1974), Cearbhall O Dalaigh (Dec 1974-Oct 1976), Patrick Hillery (from Dec 1976) all FF; PM – Liam Cosgrave (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour

Jun 1981 – Mar 1982
President – Patrick Hillery (FF); PM – Garret FitzGerald (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour

Dec 1982 – Mar 1987
President – Patrick Hillery (FF); PM – Garret FitzGerald (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour

Dec 1990 – Feb 1992
President – Mary Robinson (Lab); PM – Charles J. Haughey (FF); Coalition – FF, PD

Feb 1992 – Jan 1993
President – Mary Robinson (Lab); PM – Albert Reynolds (FF); Coalition – FF, PD

Jun 1997 – Sep 1997
President – Mary Robinson (Lab); PM – Bertie Ahern (FF); Coalition – FF, PD

March 2011 – November 2011
President – Mary McAleese (FF); PM – Enda Kenny (FG); Coalition – FG, Labour

Party abbreviations:
FF – Fianna Fáil
FG – Fine Gael
PD – Progressive Democrats