Up-to-date list of semi-presidential countries with dates

Here is the list I am currently working with (as of 31 December 2012). I have now included the year when the country most recently adopted a semi-presidential constitution. ‘Historic’ cases are identified separately. If there are any errors, then do please let me know:

  • Algeria (1989), Armenia (1995), Austria (1945), Azerbaijan (1995)
  • Belarus (1996), Bulgaria (1991), Burkina Faso (1991)
  • Cameroon (1991), Cape Verde (1990), Chad (1996), Croatia (1991), Czech Republic (2012)
  • Dem. Rep. Congo (2006)
  • Egypt (2012)
  • Finland (1919), France (1962)
  • Gabon (1991), Georgia (2004)
  • Haiti (1987)
  • Iceland (1944), Ireland (1937)
  • Kazakhstan (1993), Kyrgyzstan (1993)
  • Lithuania (1992)
  • Macedonia (1991), Madagascar (2010), Mali (1992), Mauritania (2009), Mongolia (1992), Montenegro (2006), Mozambique (1990)
  • Namibia (1990), Niger (2010)
  • Peru (1993), Poland (1990), Portugal (1976)
  • Romania (1990), Russia (1993), Rwanda (2003)
  • São Tomé e Príncipe (1990), Senegal (1991), Serbia (2006), Slovakia (1999), Slovenia (1992), Sri Lanka (1976), Syria (2012)
  • Taiwan (1997), Tanzania (1995), Timor-Leste (2002), Togo (1992), Turkey (2007)
  • Ukraine (1996)